uetchy/uechi.io
1
1
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Projects Releases Wiki Activity

update article

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
uetchy 2021-07-28 15:22:05 +09:00
parent 1816f001a3
commit 4fc8f4c77b
1 changed files with 232 additions and 125 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

357
source/_posts/2021/installing-arch-linux.md
View File

@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ quit
```bash
mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sda1 # EFI
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2 # Arch
e2fsck -cc -C 0 /dev/sda2 # fsck
```
## mount disk
@ -52,22 +54,32 @@ mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
## install base & Linux kernel
```bash
reflector --protocol https --latest 30 --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist --verbose # optimize mirror list
# choose between 'linux' or 'linux-lts'
pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware
# base-devel need to be included as well?
pacstrap /mnt base linux-lts linux-firmware
genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
arch-chroot /mnt
```
```bash
pacman -Syu # upgrade
pacman -Qe # list explicitly installed pkgs
pacman -Rs # remove pkg and its deps
pacman -Qtd # list orphans
pacman -S reflector
reflector --protocol https --latest 30 --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist --verbose # optimize mirror list
```
pacman -S man-db man-pages git informant
## install essentials
```bash
pacman -S vim man-db man-pages git base-devel
```
reflector --protocol https --latest 30 --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist --verbose
## locale
```bash
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Tokyo /etc/localtime
hwclock --systohc
vim /etc/locale.gen & locale-gen
echo "LANG=en_US.UTF-8" > /etc/locale.conf
```
## add fstab entries
@ -103,36 +115,20 @@ grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
- [GRUB/Tips and tricks - ArchWiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/GRUB/Tips_and_tricks)
## NTP
```bash
sed -i -e 's/#NTP=/NTP=0.arch.pool.ntp.org 1.arch.pool.ntp.org 2.arch.pool.ntp.org 3.arch.pool.ntp.org/' -e 's/#Fall/Fall/' /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf
systemctl enable --now systemd-timesyncd
```
## locale
```bash
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Tokyo /etc/localtime
hwclock --systohc
vim /etc/locale.gen & locale-gen
echo "LANG=en_US.UTF-8" > /etc/locale.conf
```
## network
```bash
hostnamectl set-hostname polka
hostnamectl set-hostname takos
hostnamectl set-chassis server
```
```ini /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost
127.0.0.1 polka
127.0.0.1 takos
```
See https://systemd.network/systemd.network.html.
See https://systemd.network/systemd.network.html and https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Systemd-networkd.
```ini /etc/systemd/network/wired.network
[Match]
@ -185,42 +181,45 @@ ip route add 10.0.1.100/30 dev dns-shim # route macvlan subnet to shim interface
```bash
systemctl enable --now systemd-networkd
networkctl status
ln -sf /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
# for self-hosted dns resolver
sed -r -i -e 's/#?DNSStubListener=yes/DNSStubListener=no/g' -e 's/#DNS=/DNS=10.0.1.100/g' /etc/systemd/resolved.conf
ln -sf /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
systemctl enable --now systemd-resolved
resolvectl status
resolvectl query ddg.gg
drill @10.0.1.100 ddg.gg
# FIXME
pacman -S wpa_supplicant
vim /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
# ctrl_interface=/run/wpa_supplicant
# update_config=1
wpa_supplicant -B -i wlp8s0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
wpa_cli # default control socket -> /var/run/wpa_supplicant
modinfo iwlwifi
drill ddg.gg
```
If `networkctl` keep showing `enp5s0` as `degraded`, then run `ip addr add 10.0.1.2/24 dev enp5s0 ` to manually assign static IP address for the workaround.
## firewall
## finalize
```bash
pacman -S firewalld
# TODO
exit # leave chroot
umount -R /mnt
reboot
```
See also [Introduction to Netfilter – To Linux and beyond !](https://home.regit.org/netfilter-en/netfilter/)
## NTP
```bash
timedatectl set-ntp true
timedatectl status
```
## shell
```bash
pacman -S zsh
chsh -s /bin/zsh
git clone https://github.com/uetchy/dotfiles ~/.dotfiles
yay -S ruby pyenv exa antibody direnv fd ripgrep fzy peco ghq-bin hub neofetch tmux git-delta lazygit jq lostfiles ncdu htop rsync youtube-dl prettier tree age informant
usermod -aG informant <user>
cd ~/.dotfiles
./dot link zsh -f
reload
```
## user
@ -228,14 +227,16 @@ chsh -s /bin/zsh
```bash
passwd # change root passwd
useradd -m -s /bin/zsh uetchy # add local user
passwd uetchy # change local user password
useradd -m -s /bin/zsh <user> # add local user
passwd <user> # change local user password
userdbctl # verify users
userdbctl group # verify groups
pacman -S sudo
echo "%sudo ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:/usr/bin/pacman" > /etc/sudoers.d/pacman # allow users in sudo group to run pacman without password (optional)
usermod -aG sudo uetchy # add local user to sudo group
groupadd sudo
usermod -aG sudo <user> # add local user to sudo group
visudo -c
```
@ -250,7 +251,7 @@ systemctl enable --now sshd
on the host machine:
```bash
ssh-copy-id uetchy@10.0.1.2
ssh-copy-id <user>@<ip>
```
## AUR
@ -261,22 +262,21 @@ cd yay
makepkg -si
```
## finalize
## smartd
```bash
exit # leave chroot
umount -R /mnt
reboot
```
pacman -S smartmontools
systemctl enable --now smartd
# Additional setup
smartctl -t short /dev/sda
smartctl -l selftest /dev/sda
```
## nvidia
```bash
pacman -S nvidia # 'nvidia-lts' for linux-lts
cat /var/lib/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf # ensure having 'blacklist nouveau'
pacman -S nvidia-lts # 'nvidia' for 'linux' package
reboot
nvidia-smi # test runtime
```
@ -287,6 +287,7 @@ https://docs.nvidia.com/datacenter/cloud-native/container-toolkit/arch-overview.
```bash
pacman -S docker docker-compose
yay -S nvidia-container-runtime
systemctl enable --now docker
```
```json /etc/docker/daemon.json
@ -296,7 +297,6 @@ yay -S nvidia-container-runtime
"max-size": "10m", // default: -1 (unlimited)
"max-file": "3" // default: 1
},
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"], // for kubernetes
"runtimes": {
// for docker-compose
"nvidia": {
@ -308,14 +308,18 @@ yay -S nvidia-container-runtime
```
```bash
systemctl enable --now docker
systemctl restart docker
groupadd docker
usermod -aG docker user
usermod -aG docker <user>
# to create mandatory device files on /dev
docker run --gpus all nvidia/cuda:10.2-cudnn7-runtime nvidia-smi
GPU_OPTS=(--gpus all --device /dev/nvidia0 --device /dev/nvidiactl --device /dev/nvidia-modeset --device /dev/nvidia-uvm --device /dev/nvidia-uvm-tools)
docker run --rm -it ${GPU_OPTS} nvidia/cuda:10.2-cudnn7-runtime nvidia-smi
docker run --rm -it ${GPU_OPTS} tensorflow/tensorflow:1.14.0-gpu-py3 bash
docker create network webproxy
```
### Use `journald` log driver in Docker Compose
@ -331,22 +335,7 @@ services:
- [Configure logging drivers | Docker Documentation](https://docs.docker.com/config/containers/logging/configure/)
## Telegraf
```bash
yay -S telegraf
vim /etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf
```
```ini /etc/sudoers.d/telegraf
Cmnd_Alias FAIL2BAN = /usr/bin/fail2ban-client status, /usr/bin/fail2ban-client status *
telegraf ALL=(root) NOEXEC: NOPASSWD: FAIL2BAN
Defaults!FAIL2BAN !logfile, !syslog, !pam_session
```
```bash
chmod 440 /etc/sudoers.d/telegraf
```
# Additional setup
## fail2ban
@ -365,13 +354,12 @@ ignoreregex =
```ini /etc/fail2ban/jail.local
[DEFAULT]
bantime = 120m
ignoreip = 127.0.0.1/8 10.0.1.0/24
[sshd]
enabled = true
port = 22,10122
maxretry = 3
bantime = 1h
mode = aggressive
# https://github.com/Mailu/Mailu/blob/master/docs/faq.rst#do-you-support-fail2ban
@ -382,9 +370,9 @@ journalmatch = CONTAINER_NAME=mail_front_1
filter = bad-auth
findtime = 1h
maxretry = 3
bantime = 3d
banaction = iptables-allports
bantime = 1w
chain = DOCKER-USER
banaction = iptables-allports
```
```patch /etc/systemd/system/fail2ban.service
@ -397,6 +385,105 @@ systemctl enable --now fail2ban
fail2ban-client status mailu
```
## telegraf
```bash
yay -S telegraf
```
```ini /etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf
# Global tags can be specified here in key="value" format.
[global_tags]
# Configuration for telegraf agent
[agent]
interval = "10s"
round_interval = true
metric_batch_size = 1000
metric_buffer_limit = 10000
collection_jitter = "0s"
flush_interval = "10s"
flush_jitter = "0s"
precision = ""
hostname = ""
omit_hostname = false
# Read InfluxDB-formatted JSON metrics from one or more HTTP endpoints
[[outputs.influxdb]]
urls = ["http://127.0.0.1:8086"]
database = "<db>"
username = "<user>"
password = "<password>"
# Read metrics about cpu usage
[[inputs.cpu]]
percpu = true
totalcpu = true
collect_cpu_time = false
report_active = false
# Read metrics about disk usage by mount point
[[inputs.disk]]
ignore_fs = ["tmpfs", "devtmpfs", "devfs", "iso9660", "overlay", "aufs", "squashfs"]
# Read metrics about disk IO by device
[[inputs.diskio]]
# Get kernel statistics from /proc/stat
[[inputs.kernel]]
# Read metrics about memory usage
[[inputs.mem]]
# Get the number of processes and group them by status
[[inputs.processes]]
# Read metrics about system load & uptime
[[inputs.system]]
# Read metrics about network interface usage
[[inputs.net]]
interfaces = ["enp5s0"]
# Read metrics about docker containers
[[inputs.docker]]
endpoint = "unix:///var/run/docker.sock"
perdevice = false
total = true
[[inputs.fail2ban]]
interval = "15m"
use_sudo = true
# Pulls statistics from nvidia GPUs attached to the host
[[inputs.nvidia_smi]]
timeout = "30s"
[[inputs.http_response]]
interval = "5m"
urls = [
"https://example.com"
]
# Monitor sensors, requires lm-sensors package
[[inputs.sensors]]
interval = "60s"
remove_numbers = false
```
```ini /etc/sudoers.d/telegraf
Cmnd_Alias FAIL2BAN = /usr/bin/fail2ban-client status, /usr/bin/fail2ban-client status *
telegraf ALL=(root) NOEXEC: NOPASSWD: FAIL2BAN
Defaults!FAIL2BAN !logfile, !syslog, !pam_session
```
```bash
chmod 440 /etc/sudoers.d/telegraf
usermod -aG docker telegraf
telegraf -config /etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf -test
systemctl enable --now telegraf
```
## cfddns
Dynamic DNS for Cloudflare.
@ -407,27 +494,20 @@ yay -S cfddns sendmail
```yml /etc/cfddns/cfddns.yml
token: <token>
notification:
enabled: true
from: cfddns@localhost
to: me@example.com
```
```ini /etc/cfddns/domains
uechi.io
datastore.uechi.io
example.com
```
```
systemctl enable --now cfddns
```
## smart
```bash
pacman -S smartmontools
systemctl enable --now smartd
smartctl -t short /dev/sdc
smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdc
```
## backup
```bash
@ -465,9 +545,6 @@ WantedBy=timers.target
# The udev rule is not terribly accurate and may trigger our service before
# the kernel has finished probing partitions. Sleep for a bit to ensure
# the kernel is done.
#
# This can be avoided by using a more precise udev rule, e.g. matching
# a specific hardware path and partition.
sleep 5
#
@ -487,8 +564,7 @@ DATE=$(date --iso-8601)
# Options for borg create
BORG_OPTS="--stats --compression lz4 --checkpoint-interval 86400"
# No one can answer if Borg asks these questions, it is better to just fail quickly
# instead of hanging.
# No one can answer if Borg asks these questions, it is better to just fail quickly instead of hanging.
export BORG_RELOCATED_REPO_ACCESS_IS_OK=no
export BORG_UNKNOWN_UNENCRYPTED_REPO_ACCESS_IS_OK=no
@ -499,8 +575,6 @@ echo "Starting backup for $DATE"
echo "# system"
borg create $BORG_OPTS \
--exclude /var/cache \
--exclude /var/lib/docker/devicemapper \
--exclude /root/.cache \
--exclude /root/.pyenv \
--exclude /root/.vscode-server \
@ -511,33 +585,26 @@ borg create $BORG_OPTS \
--exclude 'sh:/home/*/.vscode-server' \
--exclude 'sh:/home/*/.local/share/TabNine' \
--one-file-system \
$TARGET::'{hostname}-system-{now}' \
/ /boot
$TARGET::'system-{now}' \
/etc /boot /home /root /srv
echo "# data"
borg create $BORG_OPTS \
--exclude 'sh:/mnt/data/nextcloud/appdata_*/preview' \
--exclude 'sh:/mnt/data/nextcloud/appdata_*/dav-photocache' \
$TARGET::'{hostname}-data-{now}' \
$TARGET::'data-{now}' \
/mnt/data
echo "# archive"
borg create $BORG_OPTS \
$TARGET::'{hostname}-archive-{now}' \
/mnt/archive
echo "# ftl"
borg create $BORG_OPTS \
$TARGET::'{hostname}-ftl-{now}' \
$TARGET::'ftl-{now}' \
/mnt/ftl
echo "Start pruning"
BORG_PRUNE_OPTS_NORMAL="--list --stats --keep-daily 7 --keep-weekly 3 --keep-monthly 2"
BORG_PRUNE_OPTS_LESS="--list --stats --keep-daily 3 --keep-weekly 1 --keep-monthly 1"
borg prune $BORG_PRUNE_OPTS_NORMAL --prefix '{hostname}-system-' $TARGET
borg prune $BORG_PRUNE_OPTS_NORMAL --prefix '{hostname}-archive-' $TARGET
borg prune $BORG_PRUNE_OPTS_LESS --prefix '{hostname}-data-' $TARGET
borg prune $BORG_PRUNE_OPTS_LESS --prefix '{hostname}-ftl-' $TARGET
BORG_PRUNE_OPTS_NORMAL="--list --stats --keep-daily 7 --keep-weekly 3 --keep-monthly 3"
borg prune $BORG_PRUNE_OPTS_NORMAL --prefix 'system-' $TARGET
borg prune $BORG_PRUNE_OPTS_NORMAL --prefix 'data-' $TARGET
borg prune $BORG_PRUNE_OPTS_NORMAL --prefix 'ftl-' $TARGET
echo "Completed backup for $DATE"
@ -621,7 +688,7 @@ WantedBy=timers.target
```bash
pacman -S alsa-utils # maybe requires reboot
usermod -aG audio uetchy
usermod -aG audio <user>
# list devices as root
aplay -l
@ -685,27 +752,62 @@ pcm.!default {
- [ALSA project - the C library reference: PCM (digital audio) plugins](https://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/pcm_plugins.html)
- [Asoundrc - AlsaProject](https://www.alsa-project.org/wiki/Asoundrc)
# Maintenance
## system healthcheck
## firewall
```bash
pacman -S firewalld
# TODO
```
See [Introduction to Netfilter – To Linux and beyond !](https://home.regit.org/netfilter-en/netfilter/).
# Maintenance
## quick checkups
```bash
htop # show task overview
systemctl --failed # show failed units
free -h # show memory usage
lsblk -f # show disk usage
networkctl status # show network status
userdbctl # show users
nvidia-smi # verify nvidia cards
htop # show task overview
neofetch # show system info
ps aux | grep "defunct" # find zombie processes
```
## analyzing logs
## analyze logs
```bash
journalctl -p err -b-1 -r # show error logs from previous boot in reverse order
journalctl -u sshd -f # tail logs from sshd unit
journalctl --no-pager -n 25 -k # show latest 25 logs from the kernel without pager
journalctl --since=yesterday --until "2020-07-10 15:10:00" # show logs within specific time range
journalctl CONTAINER_NAME=service_web_1 # show error from docker container named 'service_web_1'
journalctl -u docker -f # tail docker logs
journalctl _PID=2434 -e # filter logs based on PID and jump to the end of the logs
journalctl -g 'timed out' # filter logs based on regular expression. if the pattern is all lowercase, matching is case insensitive
```
```
g - go to the first line
G - go to the last line
/ - search for the string
```
## force override installation
```bash
pacman -S <pkg> --overwrite '*'
```
## fs issue checklist
```bash
smartctl -H /dev/sdd
# umount before this ops
e2fsck -C 0 -p /dev/sdd1 # preen
e2fsck -C 0 -cc /dev/sdd1 # badblocks
```
# Common Issues
@ -764,12 +866,17 @@ Audit=no
This occurs after updating linux kernel.
1. Reinstall `nvidia-container-runtime`.
2. Run `docker --rm --gpus all --device /dev/nvidia0 --device /dev/nvidiactl --device /dev/nvidia-modeset --device /dev/nvidia-uvm --device /dev/nvidia-uvm-tools -it nvidia/cuda:10.2-cudnn7-runtime nvidia-smi` once.
- Run `docker --rm --gpus all -it nvidia/cuda:10.2-cudnn7-runtime nvidia-smi` once.
# Useful links
- [General recommendations](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/General_recommendations#Users_and_groups)
- [System maintenance](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/System_maintenance)
- [Improving performance](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Improving_performance#Know_your_system)
- [Benchmarking - ArchWiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Benchmarking)
- [General troubleshooting - ArchWiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/General_troubleshooting)
- [Stress testing - ArchWiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Stress_testing#Stressing_memory)
- [udev - ArchWiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Udev#Debug_output)
- [[HOWTO] Repair Broken system, system without a kernel / Forum & Wiki discussion / Arch Linux Forums](https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=18066)
- [Archboot - ArchWiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Archboot)
- [Restoring with the Borg](https://blog.jamesthebard.net/restoring-with-the-borg/)
- [Restore with Borg | BorgBase Docs](https://docs.borgbase.com/restore/borg/)