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@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ quit
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```bash
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mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sda1 # EFI
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mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2 # Arch
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e2fsck -cc -C 0 /dev/sda2 # fsck
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```
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## mount disk
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@ -52,22 +54,32 @@ mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
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## install base & Linux kernel
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```bash
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reflector --protocol https --latest 30 --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist --verbose # optimize mirror list
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# choose between 'linux' or 'linux-lts'
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pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware
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# base-devel need to be included as well?
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pacstrap /mnt base linux-lts linux-firmware
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genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
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arch-chroot /mnt
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```
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```bash
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pacman -Syu # upgrade
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pacman -Qe # list explicitly installed pkgs
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pacman -Rs # remove pkg and its deps
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pacman -Qtd # list orphans
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pacman -S reflector
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reflector --protocol https --latest 30 --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist --verbose # optimize mirror list
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```
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pacman -S man-db man-pages git informant
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## install essentials
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```bash
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pacman -S vim man-db man-pages git base-devel
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```
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reflector --protocol https --latest 30 --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist --verbose
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## locale
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```bash
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ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Tokyo /etc/localtime
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hwclock --systohc
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vim /etc/locale.gen & locale-gen
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echo "LANG=en_US.UTF-8" > /etc/locale.conf
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```
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## add fstab entries
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@ -103,36 +115,20 @@ grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
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- [GRUB/Tips and tricks - ArchWiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/GRUB/Tips_and_tricks)
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## NTP
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```bash
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sed -i -e 's/#NTP=/NTP=0.arch.pool.ntp.org 1.arch.pool.ntp.org 2.arch.pool.ntp.org 3.arch.pool.ntp.org/' -e 's/#Fall/Fall/' /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf
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systemctl enable --now systemd-timesyncd
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```
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## locale
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```bash
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ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Tokyo /etc/localtime
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hwclock --systohc
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vim /etc/locale.gen & locale-gen
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echo "LANG=en_US.UTF-8" > /etc/locale.conf
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```
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## network
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```bash
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hostnamectl set-hostname polka
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hostnamectl set-hostname takos
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hostnamectl set-chassis server
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```
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```ini /etc/hosts
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127.0.0.1 localhost
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::1 localhost
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127.0.0.1 polka
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127.0.0.1 takos
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```
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See https://systemd.network/systemd.network.html.
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See https://systemd.network/systemd.network.html and https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Systemd-networkd.
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```ini /etc/systemd/network/wired.network
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[Match]
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@ -185,42 +181,45 @@ ip route add 10.0.1.100/30 dev dns-shim # route macvlan subnet to shim interface
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```bash
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systemctl enable --now systemd-networkd
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networkctl status
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ln -sf /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
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# for self-hosted dns resolver
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sed -r -i -e 's/#?DNSStubListener=yes/DNSStubListener=no/g' -e 's/#DNS=/DNS=10.0.1.100/g' /etc/systemd/resolved.conf
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ln -sf /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
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systemctl enable --now systemd-resolved
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resolvectl status
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resolvectl query ddg.gg
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drill @10.0.1.100 ddg.gg
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# FIXME
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pacman -S wpa_supplicant
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vim /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
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# ctrl_interface=/run/wpa_supplicant
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# update_config=1
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wpa_supplicant -B -i wlp8s0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
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wpa_cli # default control socket -> /var/run/wpa_supplicant
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modinfo iwlwifi
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drill ddg.gg
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```
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If `networkctl` keep showing `enp5s0` as `degraded`, then run `ip addr add 10.0.1.2/24 dev enp5s0 ` to manually assign static IP address for the workaround.
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## firewall
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## finalize
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```bash
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pacman -S firewalld
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# TODO
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exit # leave chroot
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umount -R /mnt
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reboot
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```
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See also [Introduction to Netfilter – To Linux and beyond !](https://home.regit.org/netfilter-en/netfilter/)
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## NTP
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```bash
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timedatectl set-ntp true
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timedatectl status
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```
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## shell
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```bash
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pacman -S zsh
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chsh -s /bin/zsh
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git clone https://github.com/uetchy/dotfiles ~/.dotfiles
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yay -S ruby pyenv exa antibody direnv fd ripgrep fzy peco ghq-bin hub neofetch tmux git-delta lazygit jq lostfiles ncdu htop rsync youtube-dl prettier tree age informant
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usermod -aG informant <user>
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cd ~/.dotfiles
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./dot link zsh -f
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reload
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```
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## user
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@ -228,14 +227,16 @@ chsh -s /bin/zsh
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```bash
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passwd # change root passwd
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useradd -m -s /bin/zsh uetchy # add local user
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passwd uetchy # change local user password
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useradd -m -s /bin/zsh <user> # add local user
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passwd <user> # change local user password
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userdbctl # verify users
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userdbctl group # verify groups
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pacman -S sudo
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echo "%sudo ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:/usr/bin/pacman" > /etc/sudoers.d/pacman # allow users in sudo group to run pacman without password (optional)
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usermod -aG sudo uetchy # add local user to sudo group
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groupadd sudo
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usermod -aG sudo <user> # add local user to sudo group
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visudo -c
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```
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@ -250,7 +251,7 @@ systemctl enable --now sshd
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on the host machine:
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```bash
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ssh-copy-id uetchy@10.0.1.2
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ssh-copy-id <user>@<ip>
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```
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## AUR
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@ -261,22 +262,21 @@ cd yay
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makepkg -si
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```
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## finalize
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## smartd
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```bash
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exit # leave chroot
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umount -R /mnt
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reboot
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```
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pacman -S smartmontools
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systemctl enable --now smartd
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# Additional setup
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smartctl -t short /dev/sda
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smartctl -l selftest /dev/sda
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```
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## nvidia
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```bash
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pacman -S nvidia # 'nvidia-lts' for linux-lts
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cat /var/lib/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf # ensure having 'blacklist nouveau'
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pacman -S nvidia-lts # 'nvidia' for 'linux' package
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reboot
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nvidia-smi # test runtime
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```
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@ -287,6 +287,7 @@ https://docs.nvidia.com/datacenter/cloud-native/container-toolkit/arch-overview.
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```bash
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pacman -S docker docker-compose
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yay -S nvidia-container-runtime
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systemctl enable --now docker
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```
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```json /etc/docker/daemon.json
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@ -296,7 +297,6 @@ yay -S nvidia-container-runtime
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"max-size": "10m", // default: -1 (unlimited)
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"max-file": "3" // default: 1
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},
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"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"], // for kubernetes
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"runtimes": {
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// for docker-compose
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"nvidia": {
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@ -308,14 +308,18 @@ yay -S nvidia-container-runtime
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```
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```bash
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systemctl enable --now docker
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systemctl restart docker
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groupadd docker
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usermod -aG docker user
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usermod -aG docker <user>
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# to create mandatory device files on /dev
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docker run --gpus all nvidia/cuda:10.2-cudnn7-runtime nvidia-smi
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GPU_OPTS=(--gpus all --device /dev/nvidia0 --device /dev/nvidiactl --device /dev/nvidia-modeset --device /dev/nvidia-uvm --device /dev/nvidia-uvm-tools)
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docker run --rm -it ${GPU_OPTS} nvidia/cuda:10.2-cudnn7-runtime nvidia-smi
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docker run --rm -it ${GPU_OPTS} tensorflow/tensorflow:1.14.0-gpu-py3 bash
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docker create network webproxy
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```
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### Use `journald` log driver in Docker Compose
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@ -331,22 +335,7 @@ services:
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- [Configure logging drivers | Docker Documentation](https://docs.docker.com/config/containers/logging/configure/)
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## Telegraf
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```bash
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yay -S telegraf
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vim /etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf
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```
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```ini /etc/sudoers.d/telegraf
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Cmnd_Alias FAIL2BAN = /usr/bin/fail2ban-client status, /usr/bin/fail2ban-client status *
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telegraf ALL=(root) NOEXEC: NOPASSWD: FAIL2BAN
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Defaults!FAIL2BAN !logfile, !syslog, !pam_session
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```
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```bash
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chmod 440 /etc/sudoers.d/telegraf
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```
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# Additional setup
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## fail2ban
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@ -365,13 +354,12 @@ ignoreregex =
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```ini /etc/fail2ban/jail.local
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[DEFAULT]
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bantime = 120m
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ignoreip = 127.0.0.1/8 10.0.1.0/24
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[sshd]
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enabled = true
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port = 22,10122
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maxretry = 3
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bantime = 1h
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mode = aggressive
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# https://github.com/Mailu/Mailu/blob/master/docs/faq.rst#do-you-support-fail2ban
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@ -382,9 +370,9 @@ journalmatch = CONTAINER_NAME=mail_front_1
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filter = bad-auth
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findtime = 1h
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maxretry = 3
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bantime = 3d
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banaction = iptables-allports
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bantime = 1w
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chain = DOCKER-USER
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banaction = iptables-allports
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```
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```patch /etc/systemd/system/fail2ban.service
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@ -397,6 +385,105 @@ systemctl enable --now fail2ban
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fail2ban-client status mailu
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```
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## telegraf
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```bash
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yay -S telegraf
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```
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```ini /etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf
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# Global tags can be specified here in key="value" format.
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[global_tags]
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# Configuration for telegraf agent
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[agent]
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interval = "10s"
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round_interval = true
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metric_batch_size = 1000
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metric_buffer_limit = 10000
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collection_jitter = "0s"
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flush_interval = "10s"
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flush_jitter = "0s"
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precision = ""
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hostname = ""
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omit_hostname = false
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# Read InfluxDB-formatted JSON metrics from one or more HTTP endpoints
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[[outputs.influxdb]]
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urls = ["http://127.0.0.1:8086"]
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database = "<db>"
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username = "<user>"
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password = "<password>"
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# Read metrics about cpu usage
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[[inputs.cpu]]
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percpu = true
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totalcpu = true
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collect_cpu_time = false
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report_active = false
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# Read metrics about disk usage by mount point
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[[inputs.disk]]
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ignore_fs = ["tmpfs", "devtmpfs", "devfs", "iso9660", "overlay", "aufs", "squashfs"]
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# Read metrics about disk IO by device
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[[inputs.diskio]]
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# Get kernel statistics from /proc/stat
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[[inputs.kernel]]
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# Read metrics about memory usage
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[[inputs.mem]]
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# Get the number of processes and group them by status
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[[inputs.processes]]
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# Read metrics about system load & uptime
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[[inputs.system]]
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# Read metrics about network interface usage
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[[inputs.net]]
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interfaces = ["enp5s0"]
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# Read metrics about docker containers
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[[inputs.docker]]
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endpoint = "unix:///var/run/docker.sock"
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perdevice = false
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total = true
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[[inputs.fail2ban]]
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interval = "15m"
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use_sudo = true
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# Pulls statistics from nvidia GPUs attached to the host
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[[inputs.nvidia_smi]]
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timeout = "30s"
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[[inputs.http_response]]
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interval = "5m"
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urls = [
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"https://example.com"
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]
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# Monitor sensors, requires lm-sensors package
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[[inputs.sensors]]
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interval = "60s"
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remove_numbers = false
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```
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```ini /etc/sudoers.d/telegraf
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Cmnd_Alias FAIL2BAN = /usr/bin/fail2ban-client status, /usr/bin/fail2ban-client status *
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telegraf ALL=(root) NOEXEC: NOPASSWD: FAIL2BAN
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Defaults!FAIL2BAN !logfile, !syslog, !pam_session
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```
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```bash
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chmod 440 /etc/sudoers.d/telegraf
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usermod -aG docker telegraf
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telegraf -config /etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf -test
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systemctl enable --now telegraf
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```
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## cfddns
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Dynamic DNS for Cloudflare.
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@ -407,27 +494,20 @@ yay -S cfddns sendmail
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```yml /etc/cfddns/cfddns.yml
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token: <token>
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notification:
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enabled: true
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from: cfddns@localhost
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to: me@example.com
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```
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```ini /etc/cfddns/domains
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uechi.io
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datastore.uechi.io
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example.com
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```
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```
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systemctl enable --now cfddns
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```
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## smart
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|
||||
```bash
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pacman -S smartmontools
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systemctl enable --now smartd
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smartctl -t short /dev/sdc
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smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdc
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```
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## backup
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||||
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||||
```bash
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@ -465,9 +545,6 @@ WantedBy=timers.target
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# The udev rule is not terribly accurate and may trigger our service before
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# the kernel has finished probing partitions. Sleep for a bit to ensure
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# the kernel is done.
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#
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# This can be avoided by using a more precise udev rule, e.g. matching
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# a specific hardware path and partition.
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sleep 5
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#
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@ -487,8 +564,7 @@ DATE=$(date --iso-8601)
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# Options for borg create
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BORG_OPTS="--stats --compression lz4 --checkpoint-interval 86400"
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# No one can answer if Borg asks these questions, it is better to just fail quickly
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# instead of hanging.
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# No one can answer if Borg asks these questions, it is better to just fail quickly instead of hanging.
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export BORG_RELOCATED_REPO_ACCESS_IS_OK=no
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export BORG_UNKNOWN_UNENCRYPTED_REPO_ACCESS_IS_OK=no
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@ -499,8 +575,6 @@ echo "Starting backup for $DATE"
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echo "# system"
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borg create $BORG_OPTS \
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--exclude /var/cache \
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--exclude /var/lib/docker/devicemapper \
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--exclude /root/.cache \
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--exclude /root/.pyenv \
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--exclude /root/.vscode-server \
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@ -511,33 +585,26 @@ borg create $BORG_OPTS \
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--exclude 'sh:/home/*/.vscode-server' \
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--exclude 'sh:/home/*/.local/share/TabNine' \
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--one-file-system \
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$TARGET::'{hostname}-system-{now}' \
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/ /boot
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$TARGET::'system-{now}' \
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/etc /boot /home /root /srv
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echo "# data"
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borg create $BORG_OPTS \
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--exclude 'sh:/mnt/data/nextcloud/appdata_*/preview' \
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--exclude 'sh:/mnt/data/nextcloud/appdata_*/dav-photocache' \
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$TARGET::'{hostname}-data-{now}' \
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$TARGET::'data-{now}' \
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/mnt/data
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echo "# archive"
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||||
borg create $BORG_OPTS \
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$TARGET::'{hostname}-archive-{now}' \
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/mnt/archive
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||||
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echo "# ftl"
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borg create $BORG_OPTS \
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$TARGET::'{hostname}-ftl-{now}' \
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$TARGET::'ftl-{now}' \
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/mnt/ftl
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||||
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echo "Start pruning"
|
||||
BORG_PRUNE_OPTS_NORMAL="--list --stats --keep-daily 7 --keep-weekly 3 --keep-monthly 2"
|
||||
BORG_PRUNE_OPTS_LESS="--list --stats --keep-daily 3 --keep-weekly 1 --keep-monthly 1"
|
||||
borg prune $BORG_PRUNE_OPTS_NORMAL --prefix '{hostname}-system-' $TARGET
|
||||
borg prune $BORG_PRUNE_OPTS_NORMAL --prefix '{hostname}-archive-' $TARGET
|
||||
borg prune $BORG_PRUNE_OPTS_LESS --prefix '{hostname}-data-' $TARGET
|
||||
borg prune $BORG_PRUNE_OPTS_LESS --prefix '{hostname}-ftl-' $TARGET
|
||||
BORG_PRUNE_OPTS_NORMAL="--list --stats --keep-daily 7 --keep-weekly 3 --keep-monthly 3"
|
||||
borg prune $BORG_PRUNE_OPTS_NORMAL --prefix 'system-' $TARGET
|
||||
borg prune $BORG_PRUNE_OPTS_NORMAL --prefix 'data-' $TARGET
|
||||
borg prune $BORG_PRUNE_OPTS_NORMAL --prefix 'ftl-' $TARGET
|
||||
|
||||
echo "Completed backup for $DATE"
|
||||
|
||||
@ -621,7 +688,7 @@ WantedBy=timers.target
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
pacman -S alsa-utils # maybe requires reboot
|
||||
usermod -aG audio uetchy
|
||||
usermod -aG audio <user>
|
||||
|
||||
# list devices as root
|
||||
aplay -l
|
||||
@ -685,27 +752,62 @@ pcm.!default {
|
||||
- [ALSA project - the C library reference: PCM (digital audio) plugins](https://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/pcm_plugins.html)
|
||||
- [Asoundrc - AlsaProject](https://www.alsa-project.org/wiki/Asoundrc)
|
||||
|
||||
# Maintenance
|
||||
|
||||
## system healthcheck
|
||||
## firewall
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
pacman -S firewalld
|
||||
# TODO
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
See [Introduction to Netfilter – To Linux and beyond !](https://home.regit.org/netfilter-en/netfilter/).
|
||||
|
||||
# Maintenance
|
||||
|
||||
## quick checkups
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
htop # show task overview
|
||||
systemctl --failed # show failed units
|
||||
free -h # show memory usage
|
||||
lsblk -f # show disk usage
|
||||
networkctl status # show network status
|
||||
userdbctl # show users
|
||||
nvidia-smi # verify nvidia cards
|
||||
htop # show task overview
|
||||
neofetch # show system info
|
||||
ps aux | grep "defunct" # find zombie processes
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## analyzing logs
|
||||
## analyze logs
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
journalctl -p err -b-1 -r # show error logs from previous boot in reverse order
|
||||
journalctl -u sshd -f # tail logs from sshd unit
|
||||
journalctl --no-pager -n 25 -k # show latest 25 logs from the kernel without pager
|
||||
journalctl --since=yesterday --until "2020-07-10 15:10:00" # show logs within specific time range
|
||||
journalctl CONTAINER_NAME=service_web_1 # show error from docker container named 'service_web_1'
|
||||
journalctl -u docker -f # tail docker logs
|
||||
journalctl _PID=2434 -e # filter logs based on PID and jump to the end of the logs
|
||||
journalctl -g 'timed out' # filter logs based on regular expression. if the pattern is all lowercase, matching is case insensitive
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
g - go to the first line
|
||||
G - go to the last line
|
||||
/ - search for the string
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## force override installation
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
pacman -S <pkg> --overwrite '*'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## fs issue checklist
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
smartctl -H /dev/sdd
|
||||
|
||||
# umount before this ops
|
||||
e2fsck -C 0 -p /dev/sdd1 # preen
|
||||
e2fsck -C 0 -cc /dev/sdd1 # badblocks
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# Common Issues
|
||||
@ -764,12 +866,17 @@ Audit=no
|
||||
|
||||
This occurs after updating linux kernel.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Reinstall `nvidia-container-runtime`.
|
||||
2. Run `docker --rm --gpus all --device /dev/nvidia0 --device /dev/nvidiactl --device /dev/nvidia-modeset --device /dev/nvidia-uvm --device /dev/nvidia-uvm-tools -it nvidia/cuda:10.2-cudnn7-runtime nvidia-smi` once.
|
||||
- Run `docker --rm --gpus all -it nvidia/cuda:10.2-cudnn7-runtime nvidia-smi` once.
|
||||
|
||||
# Useful links
|
||||
|
||||
- [General recommendations](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/General_recommendations#Users_and_groups)
|
||||
- [System maintenance](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/System_maintenance)
|
||||
- [Improving performance](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Improving_performance#Know_your_system)
|
||||
- [Benchmarking - ArchWiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Benchmarking)
|
||||
- [General troubleshooting - ArchWiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/General_troubleshooting)
|
||||
- [Stress testing - ArchWiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Stress_testing#Stressing_memory)
|
||||
- [udev - ArchWiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Udev#Debug_output)
|
||||
- [[HOWTO] Repair Broken system, system without a kernel / Forum & Wiki discussion / Arch Linux Forums](https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=18066)
|
||||
- [Archboot - ArchWiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Archboot)
|
||||
- [Restoring with the Borg](https://blog.jamesthebard.net/restoring-with-the-borg/)
|
||||
- [Restore with Borg | BorgBase Docs](https://docs.borgbase.com/restore/borg/)
|
||||
|
Loading…
x
Reference in New Issue
Block a user